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information entity > theoretical entity > theory > dual coding theory

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dual coding theory  

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Definición

  • Theory proposed by Paivio which suggests that stimuli may be encoded pictorially, verbally or both, depending on their nature.

Concepto genérico

Conceptos relacionados

etiqueta alternativa (skos)

  • dual-code hypothesis

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Creador

  • Frank Arnould

Nota editorial

  • Originating from the work of the Canadian psychologist Paivio in the 1960s, the dual coding theory considers that the visual code is used more often when the subject has to process concrete elements. The verbal code, although less dependent on the concreteness of a situation, is effective in processing abstract situations.

Paivio first showed that concrete words have a greater probability of eliciting a visual image than abstract words, and this led to the establishment of imagery norms for words. When subjects are asked to memorize words, it appears that recall is better for concrete words (high imagery) than for abstract words (low imagery). The interpretation that has been made of this result is to assume that concrete words have undergone a double coding (visual and verbal) that facilitates recall compared to abstract words that have been coded only verbally. Experiments comparing picture versus word memory provide additional evidence in favor of the theory. In a 1965 experiment by Ducharme and Fraisse, the authors compared the following conditions: presentation of drawings, presentation of drawings + naming, presentation of words. The memory of subjects in the drawings + naming and drawings alone conditions was equivalent to but superior to the words alone situation. Drawings thus elicit words and are coded in a visual and verbal manner.

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